Born in 1832, Lewis CAROLL lived during the Victorian era. Initially mathematician, he became a complete erudite,
Photographer, he also wrote various essays: political analysis, mathematical documents and fictions. For being particularly passionated by children as figures for his photographs and for his
specific knowledge of childish minds, he has sometimes been accused of vicious trends , for example when he wrote in a private mail, about the little girl that inspired the character of Alice: “
It is very sweet to me, to be loved by her as a children.” Despite this controversy and the extent of his writings, Alice’s adventures in
Wonderland can be considered as his mater of Art as it is a combination of all he has imagined: a complete universe created from his mind and understanding of
childhood.
The whole tale deals with the traditional themes of children’s literature:
- Nature is omnipresent: there are cute animals, beautiful flowers and gardens. But as in Sleepy
Hollow, we never really know whether nature is danger or friend to Alice.
- Adulthood appears as the goal frightening our character: how to become an adult? Especially
concerning appearance matters, as show those several changes in size of Alice (Note the moment when her body’s parts grow separately, that is often what teenagers feel about their
bodies)
- The third main issue is Alice’s learning. With the numerous references made to it, we understand
what knowledge represents for the author: Geography, Mathematics, Grammar, Litterature…
- Linked to knowledge, L CAROLL insists on the etiquette in his book. Politeness is often raised
within the pages.
Then, why are Alice’s adventures so specific? While GRIMM and ANDERSEN used reality embellishment or concealment
stratagem, here, nothing is hidden. All fears and feelings of Alice are explicit; his reader is considered conscious and cleaver. And, to illustrate his ideas on those
concepts, L CAROLL uses three main motives:
- Firstly, the use of dream can not be denied, it is the raison d'être of the tale. It allows the
author of being freed from any hindrance due to coherence, time notion or even physical constraints, just as we do in or dreams.
- He also calls upon absurd – also called subversion. As in the so-called 20th century theatre (for
instance in Ubu Roi by A JARRY), we see the main character, Alice, threw in a world of which rules she does not understand… It creates even more a
sensation of bearings loss.
- Lastly, his use of language reveals to us Alice’s state of mind: she progressively looses her sense
of grammar, syntax and vocabulary. As she says herself, most speeches seem to be “curious, nonsense, confusing”
Very first lines of the tale are representative of this submersion in a fancy world. Alice’s sister
reading of a boring book makes Alice fall into a dreamy state of mind. She tries to think about great things when the Whit Rabbit appears to her. This rabbit have to be
considered as a symbol of innocence: disconnected from duties and adulthood. He has the snow colour of purity and the downy-furry touch of tenderness: two chidlhood's symbols.
And he leads Alice to its hole. And Alice falls. Her fall is the image of conscience loss: the experiences you make when you fall asleep, beginning to dream, there is no more
time and no more form, but a kind of recollection of your day’s objects and anecdotes, just as Alice do with her tea pots, spoons or marmalade jars. When she finally gets to the floor, Alice
discovers a set of doors, just as in life, we have several opportunities to go ahead… and her choice is not neutral: she feels irreparably attracted by the garden door, a garden paradigmatic of
innocence just as was the Eden Garden, known as the place of Human Being before discovering the sin of knowledge. And to enter this garden – shouldn’t we say to “enter back”?-
this place of fantasy and innocence, Alice is ready to affect her physical integrity by drinking in a bottle she knows nothing about. She does not care for her health and here begins complete
fantasy…
What interested me in studying in parallel the first and the last chapters was the analysis of the fall into a
fantastic world and the come-back to reality. As in the first chapter, Alice losses reality notion, the last chapter proves that escaping from the real world can only be a temporary
situation. Actually, taking place during the trial; this chapter is the occasion for Alice to implement the lessons she learnt from life and from her latest adventures: she realizes that
adulthood, reason and conscience are essential for any life in society. A land governed by fantasy, celebrations and cute animals can only lead to anarchy and injustice. On the
other hand, with Alice’s sister reaction, we attend to an adult acknowledgment of the loss embodied by growing up. By listening to her sister dream, she remembers how it can be great to get lost
for a moment within fairy creatures in completely self-pictured world.
I think this conclusion was one Life lessons of L CAROLL: the wealth you get from being sensitive to childhood
minds mustn’t make you forget that adulthood means responsability and conscience especially concerning citizenship’s duties.
But what also striking in the tale is the criticism of good manners and etiquette reign in the Victorian
Period, arguing their irrelevancy whenever you join another social context!
As food for thought, let’s have a look to the cinematic versions of the book…
Where do the physical features of Walt DISNEY’s Alice come from? Why does she seem a little naive compared to our L
CAROLL’s little girl?
See picture on http://www.ultimatedisney.com/alice.html
Concerning Tim BURTON movie to be broadcast in a few months, don’t you think that his Wonderland is a little too
dark?
It makes me think more of Del Toro’s universe in Pan’s
Labyrinth… What about you, what was your idea of Wonderland?
